Tiny Looms and Weavers in Ancient Grave
By Laura Geggel
Tiny wooden figurines have stood upright weaving at appropriately sized looms for more than 2,100 years in a Chinese tomb containing the remains of a middle-age woman, a new study says.
The discovery of the miniature scene astonished archaeologists, who were surveying an area slated for subway construction in Chengdu, a city in Chinas Sichuan province, in 2013. The looms may be small the largest is about the size of a childs toy piano but theyre the earliest evidence on record of looms that could be used to weave patterns, researchers revealed recently.
We are very sure that the loom models from Chengdu are the earliest pattern looms around the world, said the studys lead researcher, Feng Zhao, director of China National Silk Museum in Hangzhou.
Its unclear when and where the first looms were developed, but archaeologists have found ancient loom parts at a variety of sites.
For instance, in Chinas eastern Zhejiang province archaeologists found an approximately 8,000-year-old loom from the Kuahuqiao archaeological site, and a roughly 7,000-year-old loom found at the Hemudu site, Zhao said. Other looms include pieces of Egyptian creations from about 4,000 and 3,400 years ago, respectively, and Greek looms illustrated on vases dating to about 2,400 years ago.
However, unlike their predecessors, pattern looms are used to weave a complex kind of textile, Zhao said. Weavers used this type of loom to create patterns by stringing up the weft (the crosswise yarn on the loom) and weaving the warp (the longitudinal yarn that is passed over and under the weft) through it, he added.
Except for cinnabar-coloured red silk thread and a brown thread, there werent any textiles found on the tiny looms. Pattern looms likely inspired people to make the draw loom a device that can weave even more complex patterns.
The draw loom was then introduced to the West Persia, India and Europe indicating that the Chinese silk pattern loom made a significant contribution to the subsequent development of world textile culture and weaving technology, Zhao said.
The tomb chamber itself is spacious about 24 feet long, 16 feet wide and 9 feet high (7 by 2.5 by 3 metres) and contains one large room with four smaller compartments beneath it. The large room held the remains of an approximately 50-year-old woman whose name was Wan Dinu, according to a jade seal outside the coffin. The seal was broken, suggesting that grave robbers had pilfered the graves contents shortly after the burial.
One of the small compartments under the grave held the four model looms, each about one-sixth the size of a regular loom. Next to the looms were devices for warping, rewinding and weft winding, along with 15 painted wooden figurines, four male weavers and nine female weaving assistants, each with a name written on them, suggesting that they represented real-life weavers, the researchers wrote in the study.
The 10-inch-tall (25 cm) weavers were carved in the act of warping, weft winding and rewinding, Zhao said.
By studying the style of the tomb and a Western Han Dynasty bronze coin found within the tomb, the researchers dated the chamber to the reigns of Emperors Jingdi (157 to 141 BC) and Wudi (141 to 88 BC).
The model looms are the missing technological link responsible for the renowned Han Dynasty Shu jin silks, which are frequently found along the Silk Road, and were traded across Eurasia, the researchers wrote in the study, which was published in the April 2017 issue of the journal, Antiquity.
Source: LiveScience.com
