Terror attacks and the aftermath

Watching Movies is one of the major activity specially for the sedentary people in occasion of long holidays. I am no exception to that. During this holiday watched a Ram Madhvani's movie Neerja, which is about a flight attendant's bravery and selfless act of sacrifice in the face of hijack of Pan Am flight from Mumbai to USA via Karachi and Frankfurt in 1986. Neerja first got the sign of hijackers from Abu Nidal who boarded the plane from Karachi with an intent to hijack and divert the route to Cyprus and then demanding release of their leaders. The pilots escaped from the cockpit on being alarmed by Neerja Bhanot, the chief air purser. After 17 hours of stand off the hijackers started to shoot and throw bombs. Taking this opportunity, Neerja opened the door and helped passengers escape. Neejha was killed shielding the young kids. The Indian Government later conferred Neerja with the highest national honour Ashok Chakra for the bravery and selfless sacrifice.  
Jewish collaborators.
Definitions of terrorism vary widely and are usually inadequate. Even terrorism researchers often neglect to define the term other than by citing the basic U.S. Department of State (1998) definition of terrorism as “premeditated, politically motivated violence perpetrated against noncombatant targets by subnational groups or clandestine agents, usually intended to influence an audience.” Although an act of violence that is generally regarded in the United States as an act of terrorism may not be viewed so in another country, the type of violence that distinguishes terrorism from other types of violence, such as ordinary crime or a wartime military action, can still be defined in terms that might qualify as reasonably objective.
 If one accepts the proposition that political terrorists are made, not born, then the question is what makes a terrorist. Although the scholarly literature on the psychology of terrorism is lacking in full-scale, quantitative studies from which to ascertain trends and develop general theories of terrorism, it does appear to focus on several theories. One, the Olson hypothesis, suggests that participants in revolutionary violence predicate their behaviour on a rational cost-benefit calculus and the conclusion that violence is the best available course of action given the social conditions. The notion that a group rationally chooses a terrorism strategy is questionable, however. Indeed, a group’s decision to resort to terrorism is often divisive, sometimes resulting in factions  of the group.
The frustration-aggression hypothesis of violence is prominent in the literature. This hypothesis is based mostly on the relative-deprivation hypothesis,  as proposed by Ted Robert Gurr , an expert on violent behaviors and movements, and reformulated by J.C. Davies to include a gap between rising expectations and need satisfaction. Another proponent of this hypothesis, Joseph Margolin argues that “much terrorist behavior is a response to the frustration of various political, economic, and personal needs or objectives.” Other scholars, however have dismissed the frustration-aggression hypothesis as simplistic, based as it is on the erroneous assumption that aggression is always a consequence of frustration.
 The Negative Identity hypothesis, on the basis of Erikson’s theory of identity formation, particularly his concept of negative identity, the late political psychologist Jeanne N. Knutson suggests that the political terrorist consciously assumes a negative identity. One of her examples is a Croatian terrorist who, as a member of an oppressed ethnic minority, was disappointed by the failure of his aspiration to attain a university education, and as a result assumed a negative identity by becoming a terrorist. Negative identity involves a vindictive rejection of the role regarded as desirable and proper by an individual’s family and community. In Knutson’s view, terrorists engage in terrorism as a result of feelings of rage and helplessness over the lack of alternatives. Her political science-oriented viewpoint seems to coincide with the frustration-aggression hypothesis.  The advocates of the narcissism-aggression hypothesis include psychologists Jerrold M. Post, John W. Crayton, and Richard M. Pearlstein. Taking the- terrorists-as-mentally-ill approach, this hypothesis concerns the early development of the terrorist. Basically, if primary narcissism in the form of the “grandiose self” is not neutralised by reality testing, the grandiose self produces individuals who are sociopathic, arrogant, and lacking in regard for others. Similarly, if the psychological form of the “idealised parental ego” is not neutralised by reality testing, it can produce a condition of helpless defeatism, and narcissistic defeat can lead to reactions of rage and a wish to destroy the source of narcissistic injury. “As a specific manifestation of narcissistic rage, terrorism occurs in the context of narcissistic injury,” writes Crayton . For Crayton, terrorism is an attempt to acquire or maintain power or control by intimidation. He suggests that the “meaningful high ideals” of the political terrorist group “protect the group members from experiencing shame.”
The indoctrination of self to a rigid form of ideology and becoming isolated from the society (either individual or in group), a person becomes uncompromising in settling their ideology. The usual reaction therefore for this certain individuals is to create the pressure on the society he lives in. The Tokyo Subway Sarin attack was an act of domestic terrorism perpetrated on 20th March 1995. Aum Shinrikyo is the former name of a controversial group now known as Aleph. Shoko Asahara, the founder of this group published a book in 1992 in which he declared himself as Christ. He saw the Armageddon coming and saw dark conspiracies predominant every where as hatched by Jews, Freemasons, The British and Dutch Royal families. He and his group used poisonous sarin gas to expedite the doomsday. We all witnessed the creation of al-Qaeda or now witnessing the creation of Islamic State. These ideology are created by a group of strategist to overcome certain issues and help them wage a proxy war. But apparently at the end of that crises, the strategist group do not take care of the leaders of these outfits or their charismatic leaders and hence help create lose cannon balls of intelligent and well trained mercenaries who can create any kind of situation. The apparent weaknesses of proper functioning democracy resulting to lack of governance and rule of law; the continuous destruction of social value system and rat race for materialistic gains along with various ambiguities in education system give rise to frustration among the youth. We are taught to pray about the freedom fighters in Kashmir, Palestine, Afghanistan in their on going struggles against the occupying forces which in a form shapes the mind of youth. This ideologue occupies the mental set up of the youth specially so when there is no ideology or role model to follow. The definition of Jihad is being misconstrued. While the word Jihad gives emphasis on the struggle for self purity, the word gives a shape to a kind of armed struggle for the freedom in line with the Kashmir and Palestinian freedom fighters. Rather than feeling compassionate and constructive thoughts how to help it created a sense of anguish and anger to raise arms in support of Kashmir and Palestine freedom fighters. Later on we saw exodus of people from a country of peace loving moderate Muslim country to join wars in Afghanistan, Syria etc What needs have to be truly taken undertaken is the philosophy of Jihad for self purity and the teaching of Islam for the betterment of human race in the mosques and place of rituals.
Education gets the highest priority as evident by the highest allocation in the national budget. This is the time that the Policy Makers need to review how effectively the education system is modernised to the requirement of the present global context. It's time that the Policy Makers must think of adopting the unitary education policy as suggested by Dr Kudrat E Khuda commission.
This is our own Bangladesh, always tolerant to people across the lines of religion and belief. The resilience of people of Bangladesh has weathered the turbulent global economic situation and is rightly among the top ten economies in terms of growth. It's our individual and collective responsibility to uphold the spirits  of the moderate and resilient Bangladesh to the rest of the World. No foreign force was ever successful be it British or Pakistan who can dictate our fate in the past and it's us who can only take the lead in the spirit of our independence war in 1971 and decide our future, a glorified one speaking of the resilience of the nation. May Allah bless in our journey in facing all the adversities.

The writer, a banker by profession, has worked both in local and overseas market with various foreign and local banks in different positions

Terror attacks and the aftermath

Watching Movies is one of the major activity specially for the sedentary people in occasion of long holidays. I am no exception to that. During this holiday watched a Ram Madhvanis movie Neerja, which is about a flight attendants bravery and selfless act of sacrifice in the face of hijack of Pan Am flight from Mumbai to USA via Karachi and Frankfurt in 1986. Neerja first got the sign of hijackers from Abu Nidal who boarded the plane from Karachi with an intent to hijack and divert the route to Cyprus and then demanding release of their leaders. The pilots escaped from the cockpit on being alarmed by Neerja Bhanot, the chief air purser. After 17 hours of stand off the hijackers started to shoot and throw bombs. Taking this opportunity, Neerja opened the door and helped passengers escape. Neejha was killed shielding the young kids. The Indian Government later conferred Neerja with the highest national honour Ashok Chakra for the bravery and selfless sacrifice. Jewish collaborators. Definitions of terrorism vary widely and are usually inadequate. Even terrorism researchers often neglect to define the term other than by citing the basic U.S. Department of State (1998) definition of terrorism as premeditated, politically motivated violence perpetrated against noncombatant targets by subnational groups or clandestine agents, usually intended to influence an audience. Although an act of violence that is generally regarded in the United States as an act of terrorism may not be viewed so in another country, the type of violence that distinguishes terrorism from other types of violence, such as ordinary crime or a wartime military action, can still be defined in terms that might qualify as reasonably objective. If one accepts the proposition that political terrorists are made, not born, then the question is what makes a terrorist. Although the scholarly literature on the psychology of terrorism is lacking in full-scale, quantitative studies from which to ascertain trends and develop general theories of terrorism, it does appear to focus on several theories. One, the Olson hypothesis, suggests that participants in revolutionary violence predicate their behaviour on a rational cost-benefit calculus and the conclusion that violence is the best available course of action given the social conditions. The notion that a group rationally chooses a terrorism strategy is questionable, however. Indeed, a groups decision to resort to terrorism is often divisive, sometimes resulting in factions of the group. The frustration-aggression hypothesis of violence is prominent in the literature. This hypothesis is based mostly on the relative-deprivation hypothesis, as proposed by Ted Robert Gurr , an expert on violent behaviors and movements, and reformulated by J.C. Davies to include a gap between rising expectations and need satisfaction. Another proponent of this hypothesis, Joseph Margolin argues that much terrorist behavior is a response to the frustration of various political, economic, and personal needs or objectives. Other scholars, however have dismissed the frustration-aggression hypothesis as simplistic, based as it is on the erroneous assumption that aggression is always a consequence of frustration. The Negative Identity hypothesis, on the basis of Eriksons theory of identity formation, particularly his concept of negative identity, the late political psychologist Jeanne N. Knutson suggests that the political terrorist consciously assumes a negative identity. One of her examples is a Croatian terrorist who, as a member of an oppressed ethnic minority, was disappointed by the failure of his aspiration to attain a university education, and as a result assumed a negative identity by becoming a terrorist. Negative identity involves a vindictive rejection of the role regarded as desirable and proper by an individuals family and community. In Knutsons view, terrorists engage in terrorism as a result of feelings of rage and helplessness over the lack of alternatives. Her political science-oriented viewpoint seems to coincide with the frustration-aggression hypothesis. The advocates of the narcissism-aggression hypothesis include psychologists Jerrold M. Post, John W. Crayton, and Richard M. Pearlstein. Taking the- terrorists-as-mentally-ill approach, this hypothesis concerns the early development of the terrorist. Basically, if primary narcissism in the form of the grandiose self is not neutralised by reality testing, the grandiose self produces individuals who are sociopathic, arrogant, and lacking in regard for others. Similarly, if the psychological form of the idealised parental ego is not neutralised by reality testing, it can produce a condition of helpless defeatism, and narcissistic defeat can lead to reactions of rage and a wish to destroy the source of narcissistic injury. As a specific manifestation of narcissistic rage, terrorism occurs in the context of narcissistic injury, writes Crayton . For Crayton, terrorism is an attempt to acquire or maintain power or control by intimidation. He suggests that the meaningful high ideals of the political terrorist group protect the group members from experiencing shame. The indoctrination of self to a rigid form of ideology and becoming isolated from the society (either individual or in group), a person becomes uncompromising in settling their ideology. The usual reaction therefore for this certain individuals is to create the pressure on the society he lives in. The Tokyo Subway Sarin attack was an act of domestic terrorism perpetrated on 20th March 1995. Aum Shinrikyo is the former name of a controversial group now known as Aleph. Shoko Asahara, the founder of this group published a book in 1992 in which he declared himself as Christ. He saw the Armageddon coming and saw dark conspiracies predominant every where as hatched by Jews, Freemasons, The British and Dutch Royal families. He and his group used poisonous sarin gas to expedite the doomsday. We all witnessed the creation of al-Qaeda or now witnessing the creation of Islamic State. These ideology are created by a group of strategist to overcome certain issues and help them wage a proxy war. But apparently at the end of that crises, the strategist group do not take care of the leaders of these outfits or their charismatic leaders and hence help create lose cannon balls of intelligent and well trained mercenaries who can create any kind of situation. The apparent weaknesses of proper functioning democracy resulting to lack of governance and rule of law; the continuous destruction of social value system and rat race for materialistic gains along with various ambiguities in education system give rise to frustration among the youth. We are taught to pray about the freedom fighters in Kashmir, Palestine, Afghanistan in their on going struggles against the occupying forces which in a form shapes the mind of youth. This ideologue occupies the mental set up of the youth specially so when there is no ideology or role model to follow. The definition of Jihad is being misconstrued. While the word Jihad gives emphasis on the struggle for self purity, the word gives a shape to a kind of armed struggle for the freedom in line with the Kashmir and Palestinian freedom fighters. Rather than feeling compassionate and constructive thoughts how to help it created a sense of anguish and anger to raise arms in support of Kashmir and Palestine freedom fighters. Later on we saw exodus of people from a country of peace loving moderate Muslim country to join wars in Afghanistan, Syria etc What needs have to be truly taken undertaken is the philosophy of Jihad for self purity and the teaching of Islam for the betterment of human race in the mosques and place of rituals. Education gets the highest priority as evident by the highest allocation in the national budget. This is the time that the Policy Makers need to review how effectively the education system is modernised to the requirement of the present global context. Its time that the Policy Makers must think of adopting the unitary education policy as suggested by Dr Kudrat E Khuda commission. This is our own Bangladesh, always tolerant to people across the lines of religion and belief. The resilience of people of Bangladesh has weathered the turbulent global economic situation and is rightly among the top ten economies in terms of growth. Its our individual and collective responsibility to uphold the spirits of the moderate and resilient Bangladesh to the rest of the World. No foreign force was ever successful be it British or Pakistan who can dictate our fate in the past and its us who can only take the lead in the spirit of our independence war in 1971 and decide our future, a glorified one speaking of the resilience of the nation. May Allah bless in our journey in facing all the adversities. The writer, a banker by profession, has worked both in local and overseas market with various foreign and local banks in different positions